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Duncan I (a.k.a. Donnchad mac Crínáin) lived from 15 August to 15 August and was King of Alba from 25 November to 15 August The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline.
Duncan was the maternal grandson of Malcolm II, who he succeeded to the throne: the first time the Scottish crown had passed down the direct line rather than being distributed around the extended family under the law of tanistry.
Until Malcolm's rule, the Crown of Alba had passed backwards and forwards between different strands of the House of Alpin under the law of tanistry, under which the extended family elected the successor from candidates across the family. This had ceased simply through Malcolm's move to kill anyone he thought likely to be a challenge to the succession of his own line.
It would seem that Duncan was neither a very good nor a very popular king, and today he is largely remembered (thanks to William Shakespeare's rather fictional approach to history) for his rivalry with his cousin Macbeth. In Duncan married Suthen, the cousin of Earl Siward Biornss
King Duncan I, king of Scots: a short biography
Duncan I (Donnachad ua MaÍl Choluim) king of Scots was born c, and following the death of Malcolm II, ruled between and
He was the son of Crinán, Abbot of Dunkeld and Bethóc, the daughter of Malcolm II. He married a cousin (unnamed) of Sirward ,Earl of Northumbria and had three sons.
Duncan I (Donnachad ua MaÍl Choluim) king of Scots was born c, and following the death of Malcolm II, ruled between and
He was the son of Crinán, Abbot of Dunkeld and Bethóc, the daughter of Malcolm II. He married a cousin (unnamed) of Sirward Earl of Northumbria and had three sons.
King of Strathclyde
Duncan was also installed, after the death of King Owain c, as King of Strathclyde.
Following a devastating attack on Strathclyde by Earl Eadulf of Northumbria in Duncan responded by invading northern England and besieging Durham. It was an unsuccessful venture resulting in an overwhelming victory for the defenders of Durham.
Campaign against Macbeth
In , Duncan was focused on campaigning the north against Macbeth the ruler of Moray. Again he was unsuccessful and was killed in battle at Pitga
Duncan (Dunkeld) King of Scots (abt. - )
| Preceded&#;by Owen the Bald | King of Strathclyde c - | Succeeded&#;by Malcolm III |
| Preceded&#;by Malcolm II | King of Scots 25 November - 14 August | Succeeded&#;by MacBeth |
Biography
- House of Dunkeld
Family and Early Life
Duncan was the son of Crínán the Thane, abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, the daughter of Malcolm II, king of Scots.[1][2][3][4] The chronicler Fordun described Crínán as the Abthane of Dul (Dunkeld), claiming the transcription of the word to "Abbot" was an error made by other historians.[5] An abthane was not a religious figure but was lord of the thanes and functioned also as the king's chamberlain.[5] The exact date of Duncan's birth is unknown. Dunbar estimates it to have been around based on his parents' marriage in , but gives no source for this marriage date.[4] William Skene places the date of Crínán's marriage to Bethoc as sometime "before "[6] The Henry Project estimates Duncan's birth to have been closer to , based on his being an adult when he succeeded to the throne in but still a young man ("immatura aetate") at the time of his death in
Duncan I
| King of Strathclyde from , King of Alba Date of Birth: Country: Great Britain |
Content:
- Early Life and Accession
- The Unification of Scotland
- The Conflict with Macbeth
- Duncan's ill-Fated Reign
- Shakespeare's Inspiration
- Personal Life
- - Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland from
Early Life and Accession
Duncan I, born to Crínán of Dunkeld and Bethóc, daughter of King Malcolm II of Scotland, ascended to the throne of Strathclyde in Upon Malcolm II's death in , Duncan inherited the Scottish Crown, bridging the two kingdoms.
The Unification of Scotland
Duncan's reign marked a significant expansion of Scottish territory. The kingdom, previously confined to the Forth and Pentland Hills, now extended to the Solway Firth and River Tweed. However, Strathclyde still included lands south of the Sark, while Norwegians controlled the northern provinces and parts of Argyll.
The Conflict with Macbeth
Traditionally, the throne alternated between two royal lineages. The rightful heir was Lulach, son of Gruoch and a descendant of Kenneth III. However, Duncan I's claim prevailed due to Lulach's youth and lack of intelligence.
Macbeth, Gruoch's second husb
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