Espín de Castro, Vilma (–)
Vilma Espín de Castro (b. , d. ), Cuban revolutionary and feminist. Vilma Espín was part of the underground resistance that fought to overthrow Fulgencio Batista and offered intelligence assistance to Fidel Castro's 26 July attack on the Moncada Barracks. She studied chemical engineering at the University of Oriente, graduating in , and then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She left her studies to join Castro's movement in the Sierra Maestra mountains in , where she married Raúl Castro. After the overthrow of Batista's government, Espín rode into Havana with the triumphant revolutionary army. She became president of the new Federation of Cuban Women in In she became director of industrial development in the Ministry of Food Industries, and in she was named president of the Institute of Child Care. Espín joined the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party in She became a member of the Council of State in and of the Politburo of the Communist Party in She was removed as a member of the Central Committee in Although it was never officially confirmed, most sources indicate that she and Raul divorced, but they still appeared t
Federation of Cuban Women (FMC)
The Federation of Cuban Women (Federación de Mujeres Cubanas—FMC) is the official governmental body overseeing women's issues. Founded in by Fidel Castro and directed by Vilma Espín, the FMC sought to mobilize women following the Cuban Revolution. Called the "revolution within the revolution," the Cuban women's movement sent women into new regions of the country to teach the illiterate and nurse the ill. Women received professional training in traditional and nontraditional fields, and they were encouraged to participate in militia forces to respond to possible international threats. The FMC has pursued the objective of liberating women through revolutionary political activism, not through gender-based activism. It publishes Mujeres and Muchachas.
The FMC is not an autonomous organization; rather it is one of the popular-based institutions designed to convey government views to the populace and reflect women's needs to the government. This two-way communication was most evident at the FMC national congresses in , , , , and The FMC directly influenced the Maternity Law, the Family Code, the Protection and Hygiene Law, and the Social Security
Vilma Espín Guillois, born in Santiago de Cuba 86 years ago, on April 7, , was characterized by her human qualities, including strong family principles, a sense of justice and condemnation of lies, banality and superficiality (1). Despite her comfortable background, she rejected the social situation she witnessed in Cuba, wondering, “Why are there beggars on the street?” and questioning as to how to solve the problem (2).
She began a Chemical Engineering degree in , at the Universidad de Oriente, coinciding with the struggles for its official recognition and budget, activities in which she participated. She joined the Oriente Federation of University Students (FEUO) and did not hesitate in joining the protests (3).
Following the coup, in violation of the Constitution and preempting a Cuban People’s Party (Ortodoxo) electoral triumph, which she took as a personal affront, her struggle to end the tyranny intensified. She participated in various opposition actions with other students, and was part of the generation that mobilized its radical thought toward revolutionary militancy, advocating armed insurrection.
In , after condemning the assassination of young student Rubén
Espín de Castro, Vilma (—)
Cuban revolutionary and women's activist who was the long-time president of the Federación de Mujeres Cubanas (Federation of Cuban Women). Name variations: Vilma Espín Guillois; Vilma Espín or Espin; Deborah. Pronunciation: VEEL-mah Ess-PEEN dav KAH-strow. Born Vilma Espín Guillois in in Santiago de Cuba; daughter of a lawyer for the Bacardi Rum Company and a mother of French extraction; spent two years in a secular school and two years in a religious school; earned a degree in chemical engineering at the Universidad de Oriente; attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and studied architecture; married Raúl Castro, on January 26, ; children: four sons.
Was a founding member and leader of the 26th of July Movement in Oriente Province, Cuba (–59); was a founder and president of the Federación de Mujeres Cubanas (Federation of Cuban Women, ); made an alternate member of the Politburo of the Cuban Communist Party () and a full member (); retired from the Politburo ().
The Cuban middle class produced most of the leaders of the revolutionary movement that toppled President Fulgencio Batista from power in Students were especially prominent
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