In the annals of Korean history, few events resonate with the poignancy and historical significance as the assassination of Ito Hirobumi by Korean nationalist An Jung-geun. This dramatic incident, occurring on October 26, , in Harbin, Manchuria, not only marked a pivotal moment in Korean-Japanese relations but also etched an indelible mark on the broader narrative of East Asian geopolitics.
The Prelude: Korea under Japanese Influence
The Prelude: Korea under Japanese Influence
To fully grasp the impact of this event, we must first understand the context. The late 19th and early 20th centuries were tumultuous times for East Asia. Japan, emerging from centuries of self-imposed isolation, embarked on a rapid modernization journey, keen to assert itself as a regional power. Korea, historically a tributary state of China, found itself caught in the crossfire of regional ambitions, particularly following the Sino-Japanese War () and the Russo-Japanese War ().
Ito Hirobumi, a prominent Japanese statesman and four-time Prime Minister of Japan, played a crucial role in Korea&#;s fate. He was instrumental in negotiating the Eulsa Treaty (), which effectively stripped Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty and made it a p
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Ahn Jung-Geun or An Jung-Geun (September 2, - March 26, ) (Baptismal name: Thomas) was a Korean independence activist. In , during the period following the signing of the Eulsa Treaty, when Korea was a protectorate of Japan, he assassinated Itō Hirobumi, the Japanese official who had been appointed as Japan's first Resident-General of Korea, when the protectorate status began in Ahn was arrested and held in Japanese prison after the assassination, and executed the following year, just months before Japan's annexation of Korea in August Ahn is considered a patriotic martyr in South Korea. A museum has been constructed in Seoul to honor him, and a memorial service is held each year on the anniversary of his death.
Early life and education
An Jung-Geun was born in as the eldest child among three sons and one daughter in the family An Taehun from the Sunheung An lineage, in Haeju, Hwanghae Province (now part of North Korea). Born during the waning years of K
Independence Activist and Patriotic Assassin, An Jung-geun
On October 26, , Korean independence-activist An Jung-geun () assassinated Ito Hirobumi, the first Japanese Resident-General of Korea, at Harbin Railway Station in China.
Ito was the architect of Japanese policies to annex Korea, forcing Emperor Gwangmu (i.e. King Gojong) of the Korean Empire to sign the Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty of (“Eulsa Treaty”). On the other hand, Ito was a widely respected figure in Japan, as the leader who led Japan’s modernization, serving four times as Japan’s prime minister. Therefore, many were shocked by the assassination.
Back in , An Jung-geun took over the Samheung and Donui schools in Jinnampo to concentrate on the education of young people. But after the Japan-Korea Treaty of was signed, An felt that working to maintain Korea’s independence in Korea was becoming difficult, and moved to Jiandao, China, and then to Vladivostok, Russia where he organized the Dongui-hoi Group and taught its members patriotism and also provided military training. In March , An organized a secret group named Danji-hoi with 12 other members. They vowed to assassinate Ito Hirobumi and Yi Wan-yong
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