The numbers cited in parentheses, (e.g. ), refer the researcher to the
(Series#. Folder#) in which that item will be found.
Series 1: Early Life
Biographical (1. 1)
Bowdoin College, Sophomore Supper: August 30, (1. 2)
Bowdoin College Junior Supper: August 29, (1. 3)
Public Exhibition, Senior and Junior Classes: November 22, (1. 4)
Bowdoin College Senior Supper: July 30, (1. 5)
Transcripts of Civil War Letters to OOH, (1. 6)
Excerpts of Minutes, Board of Trustees, Howard University, (1. 7)
General Orders No. 57 – OOH Retirement from Army, (1. 8)
Series 2: O.O. Howard Correspondence
Correspondence, (2. 1)
Correspondence, January (2. 2)
Correspondence, June (2. 3)
Correspondence, August (2. 4)
Correspondence, September (2. 5)
Correspondence, October (2. 6)
Correspondence, November (2. 7)
Correspondence, December (2. 8)
Correspondence, January (2. 9)
Correspondence, February (2. 10)
Correspondence, March (2. 11)
Correspondence, April (2. 12)
Correspondence, May (2. 13)
Correspondence, June (2. 14)
Correspondence, July (2. 15)
Correspondence, August (2. 16)
Correspondence, September (2. 17)
Correspondence, October (2. 18)
Cor
Oliver O. Howard
Known as “the Christian General,” Oliver Otis Howard is a unique figure in Civil War history. Despite lackluster performances by troops under his command, Howard’s reputation as an efficient and personally courageous officer would lead to command of an army by the war’s end.
Born in Leeds, Maine to Rowland Bailey and Eliza Otis Howard, young Oliver was educated in North Yarmouth, Maine before graduating from Bowdoin College in Immediately upon graduation, Howard received an appointment to West Point, joining a long gray line that also included Jeb Stuart, Dorsey Pender, and Commandant Robert E. Lee’s son, Custis. Howard graduated in , fourth in a class of forty-six, one place behind future General Thomas H. Ruger.
In , after routine assignments on the East coast, Howard took part in the campaign against the Florida Seminoles. It was here that the previously religious officer underwent a serious conversion to evangelical Christianity. Though he remained in the army, Howard often contemplated entering the ministry—even while serving as assistant professor of mathematics at West Point. Howard’s piety would later be source of
Spartacus Educational
Primary Sources
(1) While at West Point Oliver Howard campaigned against conservatism in the United States Army. He wrote about these events in his autobiography published in
One thing that troubled me was class distinction, which seemed to intense for our republican ideas, and, indeed, made the army itself disliked by the people at large. While considering this subject in I wrote an article entitled Discipline in the Army. There I advocated with as much force as I could a paternal system. I endeavored to show that the general who cared for his men as a father cares for his children, providing for all their wants and doing everything he could for their comfort consistent with their strict performance of duty, would be the most successful; that his men would love him; would follow him readily and be willing even to sacrifice their lives while enabling him to accomplish a great patriotic purpose.
(2) Oliver Howard remembers going home for the first time after deciding to join the Union Army in May,
Before entering my front gate, I raised my eyes and saw the picture of my little family framed in by the window. Home, family, comfort, beauty, joy, love
Oliver Otis Howard, The Mainer Who Founded Howard University
KGen. Oliver Otis Howard thought he was fighting the Civil War to preserve the Union, not to free any slaves.
Howard had earned the nickname of “the Christian General” for his deep, overbearing piety. His men didn’t always appreciate his hectoring them about the Ten Commandments or the evils of booze.
His moral certainty led him to great achievements and to terrible deeds. He founded Howard University, which educated , freed slaves. But he later led a massacre of women and children belonging to the Nez Perce tribe because they wouldn’t move to a reservation.
Oliver Otis Howard by Matthew Brady
But sometimes Oliver Otis Howard couldn’t rely on his moral compass. During the Civil War, he faced a puzzling dilemma: Should he disobey orders and allow a fugitive from slavery her freedom?
Oliver Otis Howard
Born in Leeds, Maine, on Nov. 8, , his mother sent him away to live with relatives after his father died when he was very young. He graduated from Bowdoin College at 19, and went on to West Point. A diligent student, he ranked fourth in a class of
In , he was a lonely young soldier stationed in Florida, far
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